Masculinities, 2nd Edition

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Hegemonic masculinity has been used in education studies to understand the dynamics of classroom life, including patterns of resistance and bullying among boys. It was also used to explore relations to the curriculum and the difficulties in gender-neutral pedagogy. [47] It was used to understand teaching strategies and teacher identities among such groups as physical education instructors. [48] This concept has also been helpful in structuring violence-prevention programs for youth. [49] and emotional education programs for boys. [50] Criminology [ edit ]

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Stoller, Robert J. (1984) [1968]. Sex and gender: the development of masculinity and femininity. London: Karnac Books. ISBN 9780946439034. Ricciardelli, Rosemary; Clow, Kimberley A.; White, Philip (July 2010). "Investigating hegemonic masculinity: Portrayals of masculinity in men's lifestyle magazines". Sex Roles. 63 (1–2): 64–78. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9764-8. S2CID 143521323. Pdf. Martin, P. Y. (1998). Why can’t a man be more like a woman? Reflections on Connell’s Masculinities. Gender and Society, 12(4), 472–474. a b c d Laemmle, Julie (February 2013). "Barbara Martin: Children at Play: Learning Gender in the Early Years (book review)". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 42 (2): 305–307. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9871-7. S2CID 141133335. R.W Connell, in her book Masculinities (1995), argues that what is important to a meaningful analysis of gender and masculinity is the “… processes and relationships through which men and women conduct gendered lives. ‘Masculinity’, to the extent the term can be briefly defined at all, is simultaneously a place in gender relations, the practices through which men and women engage that place in gender, and the effects of these practices in bodily experience, personality and culture” 65.Oldstone-Moore, Christopher (2018). "(Re)Building the Beard? – Social Science, Gender Theory, and the History of Hair". In Evans, Jennifer; Withey, Alun (eds.). New Perspectives on the History of Facial Hair: Framing the Face. Genders and Sexualities in History. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.15–32. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-73497-2_2. ISBN 978-3-319-73497-2.

Raewyn Connell - Wikipedia

Lorber, J. (2000). Using gender to undo gender: A feminist degendering movement. Feminist Theory, 1, 79–95. Hegemonic masculinity draws some of its historical roots from both the fields of social psychology and sociology which contributed to the literature about the male sex role that had begun to recognize the social nature of masculinity and the possibilities of change in men's conduct. [12] This literature preceded the Women's Liberation Movement and feminist theories of patriarchy which also played a strong role in shaping the concept of hegemonic masculinity. The core concepts of power and difference were found in the gay liberation movement which had not only sought to analyse the oppression of men but also oppression by men. [13] This idea of a hierarchy of masculinities has since persisted and strongly influenced the reformulation of the concept. In the text Connell states that Hegemonic masculinity is “a social ascendency achieved in a play of social forces that extends beyond contests of brute power into the organisation of private life and cultural processes.” The one thing that will always be prevalent in the relationship of men and women all over the world is that fact that men will always dominate women. This structural belief that men are over females is the foundation for the term “Hegemonic Masculinity”. “Masculinity is only hegemonic amongst men: no femininity is hegemonic”. This does not mean any kind of violence, it means hegemony in every part of life, Mainly talking about religious practices. For example, wedding vows, they mostly talk about how men will take care of their newly wed wives as if the are too incompetent to take care of themselves because they are women. “The man takes control as the breadwinner and the person in charge of a heterosexual relationship.” (Connell). Traditionally, work against discrimination has focused on the empowerment of girls and women, and this needs to remain an important focus. published in 1985 in a long article, 'Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity', that appeared just as a wave of interest in

Works Cited

Violence fulfils a function in relation to stereotypical gender roles. Violence, as an integral and complex aspect of male identity also ‘serves to maintain group solidarity, reinforce kinship ties, affirm allegiances and enhance status within the group’ 72. For other young men, the function is related to self-protection, where an attempt to use violence or aggression or threat is seen as a means of warding off a threat from another. a b Gelb, Steven A. (June 1989). "Language and the problem of male salience in early childhood classroom environments". Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 4 (2): 205–215. doi: 10.1016/S0885-2006(89)80003-1. Kessler, S.; Ashenden, D. J.; Connell, R. W.; Dowsett, G. W. (January 1985). "Gender Relations in Secondary Schooling". Sociology of Education. 58 (1): 34. doi: 10.2307/2112539. JSTOR 2112539. Gutmann, M. C. (1996). The meanings of macho: Being a man in Mexico City. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Masculinities by Raewyn W. Connell | Goodreads Masculinities by Raewyn W. Connell | Goodreads

a b Whitehead, Stephen M. (2002). Men and masculinities: key themes and new directions. Cambridge Malden, Massachusetts: Polity Press. ISBN 9780745624679. Messner, Michael A. (1992). Power at play: sports and the problem of masculinity. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 9780807041048. French, Henry; Rothery, Mark (2011). "Hegemonic Masculinities? Assessing Change and Processes of Change in Elite Masculinity, 1700–1900". In Arnold, John H.; Brady, Sean (eds.). What is Masculinity?: Historical Dynamics from Antiquity to the Contemporary World. Genders and Sexualities in History. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.139–166. doi: 10.1057/9780230307254_8. ISBN 978-0-230-30725-4.

Raewyn Connell

Laurie, Timothy (2015). "Masculinity studies and the jargon of strategy: hegemony, tautology, sense". Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities. 20 (1): 13–30. doi: 10.1080/0969725X.2015.1017373. hdl: 10453/44220. S2CID 142704874. Pdf. a b c McGuffey, C. Shawn; Rich, B. Lindsay (2011). "Playing in the gender transgression zone: Race, class, and hegemonic masculinity in middle childhood". In Spade, Joan Z.; Valentine, Catherine G. (eds.). The kaleidoscope of gender: prisms, patterns, and possibilities (3rded.). Los Angeles, California: Sage Publications. pp. 166–176. ISBN 9781412979061. Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender and Society, 19, 829–859. Kostas, Marios (2018). "Snow White in Hellenic primary classrooms: children's responses to non-traditional gender discourses" (PDF). Gender and Education. 30 (4): 530–548. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2016.1237619. S2CID 54912000. Connell, Raewyn (1993). Schools and social justice. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-137-7. OCLC 1131018653.