Tornado: In the Eye of the Storm

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Landsea, Chris; Goldenberg, Stan (2012-06-01). "A: Basic definitions". In Dorst, Neal (ed.). Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.5. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. pp. A9: What is a "CDO"?. Archived from the original on 2006-06-15. Justice, Alonzo A. (1930). "Seeing the Inside of a Tornado". Monthly Weather Review. 58 (5): 205–06. Bibcode: 1930MWRv...58..205J. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1930)58<205:STIOAT>2.0.CO;2. a b c Bluestein, Howard (1999). "A History of Severe-Storm-Intercept Field Programs". Weather Forecast. 14 (4): 558–77. Bibcode: 1999WtFor..14..558B. doi: 10.1175/1520-0434(1999)014<0558:AHOSSI>2.0.CO;2. Brooks, Harold E. (2004). "On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity". Weather Forecast. 19 (2): 310–19. Bibcode: 2004WtFor..19..310B. doi: 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0310:OTROTP>2.0.CO;2.

Monteverdi, John (2003-01-25). "Sunnyvale and Los Altos, CA Tornadoes 1998-05-04". Archived from the original on 2013-06-13 . Retrieved 2006-10-20. You can see why I barely read anything this month but as I’d like to continue with my end of month reading updates here is what I did read in September:In the eye of a tornado, the winds are remarkably calm compared to the chaos just a few meters away. It's akin to being in the center of a whirlpool, where the water is calm while it spins furiously around the edges. However, it's important to note that this peace is relative. Even the center of a tornado is still fraught with danger, and falling debris from the surrounding winds can still pose a serious risk. Abdullah, Abdul (April 1966). "The "Musical" Sound Emitted by a Tornado" " (PDF). Mon. Wea. Rev. 94 (4): 213–20. Bibcode: 1966MWRv...94..213A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.395.3099. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1966)094<0213:TMSEBA>2.3.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-21.

Monastersky, R. (1999-05-15). "Oklahoma Tornado Sets Wind Record". Science News. pp.308–09 . Retrieved 2006-10-20. From a visual standpoint, looking up from within the eye of a tornado can offer a surprising view. Some survivors have reported seeing blue sky or a 'stadium effect' of clouds arched upwards in the clear sky. This peculiar sight is due to the low-pressure center and the way the intense, inward-spiraling winds shape the clouds. Samaras, Timothy M. (October 2004). "A Historical Perspective of In-Situ Observations within Tornado Cores". Preprints of the 22nd Conf. Severe Local Storms. Hyannis, MA: American Meteorological Society.An eye-like structure is often found in intensifying tropical cyclones. Similar to the eye seen in hurricanes or typhoons, it is a circular area at the circulation center of the storm in which convection is absent. These eye-like features are most normally found in intensifying tropical storms and hurricanes of Category 1 strength on the Saffir-Simpson scale. For example, an eye-like feature was found in Hurricane Beta when the storm had maximum wind speeds of only 80 km/h (50 mph), well below hurricane force. [26] The features are typically not visible on visible wavelengths or infrared wavelengths from space, although they are easily seen on microwave satellite imagery. [27] Their development at the middle levels of the atmosphere is similar to the formation of a complete eye, but the features might be horizontally displaced due to vertical wind shear. [28] [29] Hazards [ edit ] NASA's DC-8 research aircraft flying through the eyewall and into the eye Davies-Jones, Robert (1984). "Streamwise Vorticity: The Origin of Updraft Rotation in Supercell Storms". J. Atmos. Sci. 41 (20): 2991–3006. Bibcode: 1984JAtS...41.2991D. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2991:SVTOOU>2.0.CO;2. Some tornadoes have only one main funnel cloud. Others have multiple small funnels that rotate around each other. There are even tornadoes that don’t have a funnel cloud at all. As long as winds are rotating in a tight circle all the way from the storm cloud down to the ground, it’s a tornado, even if atmospheric conditions haven’t condensed water vapor in the air into a visible funnel.