The Building of a Nation: The Growth, Present Condition and Resources of the United States With a Forecast of the Future

Product Information

Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. University of Michigan. p.165. ISBN 978-0472081493 . Retrieved 11 February 2015– via Google Books. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983. Ergun, Ayça. "Citizenship, National Identity, and Nation-Building in Azerbaijan: Between the Legacy of the Past and the Spirit of Independence." Nationalities Papers (2021): 1–18. online In her book Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, Liah Greenfeld argued that nationalism was invented in England by 1600. According to Greenfeld, England was “the first nation in the world". [29] [30] Social science [ edit ] The influx of migrant workers and refugees to nation-states in the global North and West has tended to increase cultural and ideological fragmentation and tension, especially in cases where the immigrants’ religion and culture are very different from those of the host society, where immigrants are concentrated in urban ethnic enclaves, and where immigrants do not assimilate. Under such conditions, tensions between the majority and minority groups emerge and intergroup violence becomes more prevalent. Among majority groups, the presence of nonassimilating minorities amplifies internal struggles over the meaning of the national collective identity, the nation’s core ideology, and the definition of national interests. In the early 21st century these phenomena were especially evident in conflicts between the ultranationalist right and the liberal left in Europe and the United States. Global capitalism and neoliberalism

Renan, Ernest (1896). "What is a Nation?" In: The Poetry of the Celtic Races, and Other Essays. London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., pp.61–83.Engin, Kenan (2013). "Nation-Building" – Theoretische Betrachtung und Fallbeispiel: Irak (in German). Baden Baden: Nomos Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8487-0684-6. Azar Gat also argues China, Korea and Japan were nations by the time of the European Middle Ages. [20] Criticisms [ edit ]

Nation builders are those members of a state who take the initiative to develop the national community through government programs, including military conscription and national content mass schooling. [5] [6] [7] Nation-building can involve the use of propaganda or major infrastructure development to foster social harmony and economic growth. According to Columbia University sociologist Andreas Wimmer, three factors tend to determine the success of nation-building over the long-run: "the early development of civil-society organisations, the rise of a state capable of providing public goods evenly across a territory, and the emergence of a shared medium of communication." [8] [9] [10] A postcard from 1916 showing national personifications of some of the Allies of World War I, each holding a national flag Overview [ edit ] Between the years 1947 and 1949, 565 princely states were integrated to join the Indian Union in record time. Learn more about how countries decide where to locate their capital cities. (more) See all videos for this article Brubaker’s theme is the nationalization of the political sphere. He highlights the dynamic interaction in the triadic nexus involving national minorities, nationalizing states, and external national homelands. The three entities are far from fixed according to Brubaker, who invites us to stop treating the “nation” as an entity and approach it as “an institutionalized form.”

Haiti (1993-1995)

In the saga of Accession, the story of Kashmir was one of the most interesting. Nehru had a special attachment to it and Jinnah coveted it as well. Several princely states sat on the fence acceding neither to India nor Pakistan till the hour of freedom. Some like Hyderabad, one of the richest states in the heart of India, harboured dreams of complete independence. Pakistan also had an eye on it. If Hyderabad had acceded to Pakistan, a piece of Pakistan would have been within the territory of India. The theory of the clash of civilizations lies in direct contrast to cosmopolitan theories about an ever more-connected world that no longer requires nation states. According to political scientist Samuel P. Huntington, people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post– Cold War world. Fukuyama, Francis. January/February 2004. "State of the Union: Nation-Building 101", Atlantic Monthly.

Menon had suggested that in view of the disposition of some rulers to join Pakistan or to remain independent, perhaps some organic bond ought to be forged between the Government of India and the states to preserve the integrity of the nation. He recommended that the States be asked to accede only on matters of Defence and External Affairs as the rulers would not see this as a loss of rights enjoyed by them. The subject of Communications was added to these two items in the draft of the Instrument of Accession drawn up by the Department. Nation-states strictly enforce institutionalized criteria for naturalization, known as citizenship regimes. Citizenship regimes reflect specific understandings of who may be a legitimate member of the nation. Nation-states in which the core nation is conceived as a primordial ethno-cultural community tend to adopt citizen regimes based on a principle of jus sanguinis (“right of blood”), which allocates citizenship based on the individual’s organic ties (through family decent) to the national community and the homeland. In contrast, citizenship allocation based on a principle of jus soli (“right of the soil”) presupposes a civic-republican conception of the core nation, according to which national membership depends on acquiring, through socialization, loyalty to state institutions and acceptance of a shared political culture. Nationalization Mylonas, Harris (2012). The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.17. ISBN 978-1107661998. Etzioni, Amitai. "The folly of nation building." National Interest 120 (2012): 60–68; on American misguided efforts online Increasing economic inequality between regions within nation-states and the rise of identity politics since the late 20th century have increased the likelihood of national disintegration in some countries through the development of secessionist aspirations among some ethnic groups, a phenomenon sometimes called Balkanization. Evidence of Balkanization can be observed both in relatively young nation-states in the postcolonial developing world and in established Western nation-states with long traditions of republicanism (e.g., the United Kingdom and Spain). This type of struggle may spill over to other nation-states through the spread of information and images via international media channels and the new social media. Cultural globalizationEriksen, Thomas Hylland. Common denominators: Ethnicity, nation-building and compromise in Mauritius (Routledge, 2020). The concept of nation-building cannot be understood without the help of certain key concepts such as the nation, national identity, nation-state, and nationalism. The term “nation” has been defined by multiple philosophers, scholars, and practitioners. These definitions range from essentialist ones that reify certain characteristics as purely national ones ( Herder 2004, Fichte 2008) to more constructivist ones highlighting collective ascription as a key element for the existence of a nation ( Renan 1995, Anderson 1983). Tension exists between scholars who see the emergence of modern nations as a natural outgrowth from centuries of development and those who understand national identity as a modern social construct. Naturally, most nationalists themselves adopt a primordialist understanding of nationhood but prominent scholars also highlight the ethnic origins of modern nations ( Smith 1986). Modernization scholars ( Gellner 2006, Anderson 1983) and, later on, various strands of constructivists ( Laitin 2007, Brubaker 1996) have pointed out the limitations of the primordialist view. The view of nations being the natural outgrowth of premodern ethnies often assumes phenotypical commonalities that do not correspond to realities on the ground. Moreover, constructivists echo Renan’s critique that shared ethnic attributes do not necessarily mean a shared national identity or imply anything about loyalty to a nation. Finally, a primordialist perspective that essentializes attributes cannot help us explain identity change ( Laitin 2007) or the timing of “national awakenings.” Regardless of the definition of the nation and debates about the origins of nationalism, most scholars agree that nationalism—the “political principle which holds that the political and the national unit should be congruent” ( Gellner 2006, see p. 1)—is one of the most potent ideologies in modern times. In fact, what differentiates an ethnic group from a stateless national group is the fact that the former is not motivated by a nationalist ideology, namely the belief that the world is divided into national units (“nation-states”), that the primary loyalty should be to the nation and not to the family, the kinship group, or some other local or supranational unit, accompanied by a claim to sovereignty over a territorially bounded homeland. Nationalism takes different forms depending on the position that the group making the claim to sovereignty currently occupies in relation to other groups ( Hechter 2000).

Awasom, Nicodemus Fru (2003–2004). "Anglo-Saxonism and Gallicism in Nation Building in Africa: The Case of Bilingual Cameroon and the Senegambia Confederation in Historical and Contemporary Perspective". Afrika Zamani. 11–12. James, Paul (1996). Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community. London: Sage Publications. Umut (2010). Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (2nded.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p.78. This is a reliable English translation of Herder’s writings from the second half of the 18th century. Herder argued that “Nature raises families; the most natural state is therefore also one people, with one national character. Through the millennia, this national character is maintained within a people and can be developed most naturally if its native prince so desires, for a people is as much a plant of nature as a family, only with more branches” (p. 128). He is considered as one of the fathers of romantic nationalism. Wimmer, Andreas (2018). "Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart". Survival. 60 (4): 151–164. doi: 10.1080/00396338.2018.1495442. ISSN 0039-6338. S2CID 158766905.The Government of India sent V.P Menon to Srinagar to assess the situation before taking a decision. 'The Maharaja was completely unnerved by the turn of events and by his sense of lone helplessness' says Menon speaking of his visit. The Prime Minister of J&K apprised Menon of the perilious situation and once again pleaded with the Government of India to come to the rescue of the State. Returning to Delhi, Menon conveyed the gravity of the situation to the Defence Committee which decided on sending assistance to Kashmir provided the Maharaja acceded to India. Forming a formidable partnership, these two men managed to secure the accession of 565 princely states into the Union of India in record time. Never before in history had the task of Integration of a Nation been accomplished so swiftly and efficiently.